Vishnu Vishal says he's been battling an autoimmune condition for 3-4 years: What that means and why he has a 'tired face'

Actor Vishnu Vishal has revealed that he has been battling an autoimmune condition for the past three to four years after fans expressed concern over his visibly tired appearance during promotions for Gatta Kusthi 2.

In a heartfelt note shared on social media, the actor explained that the bloating and fatigue many had noticed were side effects of the medication he has been taking on and off to manage the condition. He, however, reassured fans that he remains committed to promoting his upcoming film.

"The reason is that I've been dealing with an autoimmune condition for the last 3-4 years, and the prescribed medication I'm taking on and off has some visible side effects, including the bloating you've been noticing," Vishnu wrote.

His revelation has also sparked curiosity about autoimmune diseases, an umbrella term for dozens of conditions that affect millions of people worldwide.

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What is an autoimmune disease?

An autoimmune disease occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues instead of protecting the body from harmful viruses, bacteria or other pathogens.

Normally, the immune system can distinguish between what belongs in the body and what doesn't. In autoimmune disorders, this recognition process goes wrong, causing immune cells to attack healthy organs, joints, muscles, skin or other tissues.

According to the Cleveland Clinic and the U.S. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), there are more than 80 known autoimmune diseases, ranging from relatively common disorders to extremely rare conditions.

What are the symptoms?

Autoimmune diseases can be difficult to diagnose because many share similar symptoms, especially in their early stages.

Common symptoms include:

-Persistent fatigue

-Joint pain or swelling

-Muscle weakness

-Skin rashes

-Fever

-Digestive problems

-Brain fog or difficulty concentrating

-Swollen glands

The symptoms, and their severity, vary greatly depending on which part of the body is affected.

Why do autoimmune diseases happen?

Scientists still don't know the exact cause. Research suggests they develop due to a combination of genetics, environmental triggers, infections, hormones and immune system dysfunction. Certain autoimmune disorders are more common in women, although they can affect anyone regardless of age or gender.

Is there a cure?

At present, most autoimmune diseases do not have a permanent cure, but many can be effectively managed. Treatment generally focuses on:

-Reducing inflammation

-Suppressing an overactive immune response

-Relieving symptoms

-Preventing long-term organ damage

-Improving quality of life

Depending on the condition, doctors may prescribe corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologic therapies or other medications. Because these medicines alter the immune system, they can also cause side effects such as weight gain, facial puffiness or bloating, fatigue and increased susceptibility to infections, effects that Vishnu Vishal said he has experienced.

Vishnu Vishal has not revealed his diagnosis

While the actor has confirmed that he has an autoimmune condition, he has not disclosed the specific disease.

Autoimmune disorders include a wide range of illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune thyroid disorders, among many others. Without a confirmed diagnosis from the actor, it would be inaccurate to speculate which one he has. Despite his health challenges, Vishnu said the love of his fans and his commitment to everyone who worked on Gatta Kusthi 2 motivated him to continue with promotions.

"As we step into the final week of promotions, I'm filled with positivity and excitement. I can't wait for you all to experience Gatta Kusthi 2 in theatres," he wrote.

His candid admission has also helped shine a light on autoimmune diseases, conditions that are often invisible to others, but can significantly affect a person's daily life.