IMD predicts El Nino for this year: How will it affect monsoon rains in India?
The Indian Meteorological Department predicts normal monsoon rainfall in 2023. However, with a 90 per cent chance of an El Nino weather pattern developing during the June-September monsoon season, less rain is possible
As India bakes in the heat, it is looking forward to the monsoon season for some relief. However, there's fear that the El Nino weather pattern, which occurs during the months of June and September, will play spoilsport.
Historically, India has witnessed insufficient rainfall in majority of its El Nino seasons, which has resulted in devastating droughts causing damage to crops and urging authorities to restrict the exportation of certain food grains.
Let’s take a closer look.
What is El Nino? How does it affect India’s monsoon?
El Nino is a weather phenomenon that occurs when ocean temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean rise above normal.
The warming causes changes in atmospheric patterns, leading to a weakening of the monsoon circulation over the Indian subcontinent. As a result, the Indian monsoon tends to be weaker and less reliable during El Nino years.
More from ExplainersHow close is the correlation between El Nino and monsoon rain?
The correlation between El Nino and Indian monsoon rainfall is significant, despite occasional instances when India gets normal or above-normal rain during El Nino years.
Over the past seven decades, the El Nino weather pattern occurred 15 times, with India experiencing normal or above-normal rainfall in six instances.
However, a contrasting trend has emerged in the last four El Nino years, with India consistently facing drought conditions and rainfall falling below 90 per cent of the long period average.
El Nino events are categorised according to the magnitude of temperature rise above normal, as weak, medium or strong.
In 2009, a weak El Nino led to a significant reduction in India's rainfall, plummeting to 78.2 per cent of normal, the lowest recorded in 37 years. Conversely, in 1997, a strong El Nino occurred, yet India received 102 per cent of its normal rainfall.
Weather models are suggesting 2023 El Nino could be strong.
Why is the monsoon important?
The monsoon is vital for India, providing about 70 per cent of annual rain and impacting key crops such as rice, wheat, sugarcane, soybeans, and peanuts. Agriculture contributes about 19 per cent to India's $3 trillion (Rs 24,680,100 crore) economy and employs more than half of the 1.4 billion population.
The monsoon's influence extends beyond agriculture, affecting the wider economy. Sufficient rain boosts overall economic growth, helping to control food price inflation, which has recently risen and led to higher lending rates.
Increased agricultural production could also ease export restrictions on sugar, wheat, and rice. Conversely, drought requires importing food and maintaining export restrictions. In 2009, poor rains forced India to import sugar, driving global prices to record highs.
How does the monsoon affect inflation and central bank policy?
Food accounts for nearly half of India's consumer price index, which the central bank closely monitors while deciding on monetary policy. India received normal or above normal rainfall for the four straight years, still prices of cereals, dairy products and pulses have jumped in recent months and forced the Reserve Bank of India to increase lending rates sharply.
Below normal rainfall could further stoke food inflation.
Why is the monsoon important for Prime Minister Narendra Modi ahead of a 2024 general election?
Modi remains popular nine years since he came to power but opinion polls suggest rising inflation and unemployment threaten to erode his approval rating. Modi's Bhartiya Janata Party lost a key state election last week. Several northern and central states are holding assembly elections ahead of a general election due in mid-2024.
Good rainfall will lift farmers' incomes and help to keep a check on inflation. Drought could add to anti-incumbency sentiment.
With inputs from Reuters
Read all the Latest News, Trending News, Cricket News, Bollywood News,
India News and Entertainment News here. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Military drones & police check-ups: How Sri Lanka is fighting against worst dengue outbreak in a decade
How Facebook job ad lured 2 Karnataka men into Myanmar cyber scam camp
Why is India seeing 95% cloud cover despite a Super El Niño?
What is CJP’s fourth demand to the government as protests in Delhi intensify?
The new geography of war: Why the Houthis can no longer be ignored