US-Iran war CJP protest in Delhi US-Saudi nuclear deal Wildfires in Europe El Nino

Hindi fastest growing language in India, added 100 million speakers in a decade; Kashmiri close second

Hindi was the fastest growing language in India at 25.19%, adding about 100 million speakers between 2001-2011. Kashmiri, Gujarat second and third fastest.

IndiaSpend|Jun 29, 2018, 11:32:27 IST

By Sravan PallapothuMumbai: Hindi was the fastest growing language in India at 25.19 percent adding close to 100 million speakers between 2001-2011.Kashmiri (22.97 percent), Gujarat (20.4 percent), Manipuri (20.07 percent), and Bengali (16.63 percent) are the second, third and fourth fastest growing languages, respectively, according to new census data.Hindi (520 million speakers) and Bengali (97 million speakers) remain the most spoken and the second most spoken language across the country.There are now 260,000 people who deem English as their mother tongue; up from 226,000 in 2001, an increase of 14.67 percent.The most number of English speakers are from Maharashtra (104,000) followed by Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.[caption id="attachment_4627261" align="alignleft" width="380"] Hindi. Representational image. PTI

Representational image. PTI[/caption]Sanskrit remains the least spoken among the scheduled languages – officially recognised – with 24,821 speakers despite an increase of 76 percent from 2001.Two scheduled languages have witnessed a drop in the number of people referring to them as their mother tongues: Urdu declined by 1.58 percent and Konkani by 9.54 percent.Of the 99 unscheduled languages, Bhili/Bhilodi continue to have the most speakers (104 million marked it as their mother tongue), up from 95 million in 2001.Gondi retained its second position with 29 million speakers, up from 27 million in 2001.Bhili/Bhilodi is predominantly spoken by the Bhil people who are native to Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.Gondi is spoken by the Gonds who primarily inhabit Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Telangana, Maharashtra, Bihar and Karnataka.Tamil (-5 percent) and Malayalam (-10 percent) speaking population are falling across most states in north India even as Tamil Nadu and Kerala saw over 33 percent increase in the number of Hindi, Bengali, Assamese and Odia speakers, indicating a reverse migration trend from earlier decades when people from the two southern states migrated in large numbers to the north, The Times of India reported on 28 June.“Ascertaining the number of native speakers of a particular language by using census data can be misleading,” Ganesh Devy, founder-director of the Bhasha Research and Publication Centre, told IndiaSpend.“There are factors such as migration (domestically and internationally) which tend to distort figures. Further, the census gives tribals limited options with respect to choosing a language. Therefore, it is not uncommon to see more speakers under a scheduled language when in reality they may speak a non-scheduled language.”“Similarly, people living in border areas are given only one option to select as their native language even if they have more than one.”Articles 344(1) and 351 under the eighth schedule of the Constitution lists 22 languages (shown in the table below). indiaspend-logo

The Central government is responsible for the promotion of the scheduled languages. Non-scheduled languages like English, Bhili/Bhilodi and Gondi don’t feature on the list.In 2011, speakers of the scheduled languages accounted for 96.77 percent of India’s population, up from 96.52 percent in 2001 despite a 13 percent increase in the number of non-scheduled language speakers between 2001-2011.Marathi with 83 million speakers displaced Telugu (81 million) to become the third most common mother tongue after Hindi and Bengali.Gujarati, which was ranked seventh in 2001 with 46 million speakers, moved ahead of Urdu to occupy the sixth spot with 55 million speakers in 2011.Urdu dropped from the sixth place in 2001 (51 million speakers) to the seventh place in 2011 with 50 million people mentioning it as their mother tongue.Kannada was constant at eighth place with the number of speakers increasing from 37 to 43 million.

Konkani speakers in Karnataka and Kerala might put Kannada/Malayalam as their mother tongue as opposed to Konkani, which could explain the drop in the number of Konkani speakers, Devy said.“Given the global backdrop against terrorism, Urdu speakers might be reluctant to declare it to be their mother tongue. Therefore, the number of native Urdu speakers has fallen despite the Muslim population increasing by around 30 million between 2001 and 2011,”The increase in Manipuri speakers, Devy added, could be attributed to international immigration — foreigners settling down in Manipur and learning Manipuri in the hope of getting an Indian passport.The number of Gujarati speakers might have been over-reported owing to the electoral scam in 2007 wherein a large number of fake voter identification cards were reported, Devy said.“A better way to determine the presence of a language is to look at the number of websites on the internet in that language,” Devy said.The author is an MSc Student from the Symbiosis School of Economics is an intern with IndiaSpend.

Govt to set up fast-track courts for swift punishment in paper leak cases, says PM Modi amid CJP protests

Amid protests demanding accountability for the leak of medical entrance test Neet and other irregularities in the education system, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced that the government has decided to set up fast-track courts to ensure swift and stringent punishment for those involved in paper leaks.

3 min read

Sikkim tunnel collapse rescue resumes, death toll rises to 22

The death toll at the collapsed tunnel at Sikkim's Namchi district rose to 22 after nine more bodies were recovered overnight. At least 27 workers were trapped in a tunnel at an NHPC project after a sudden burst of suspected methane gas trapped within rock formations triggered an explosion.

2 min read

Delhi Police asks personnel to wear uniform: What the law says on cops in plainclothes during protests

The Delhi Police has instructed all its personnel to wear uniforms when they report for duty at Jantar Mantar for crowd control. This comes after outrage grew over videos of men in civilian clothes or without name tags hitting protesters in the Capital. Is it legal for the police to ditch uniforms during protests?

4 min read

No premium queues, 30-minute target: What changes for Indian passport applicants in UAE

Indian passport applicants in the UAE can now access passport, visa and attestation services through Alhind’s 16 centres, with no premium queues, a Dh19 service fee and a target of completing applications within 30 minutes

4 min read

CJP Protest in Delhi Live Updates: PM Modi announces fast-track courts for NEET paper leak cases

CJP Protest in Delhi Live Updates: Heavy security has been deployed at the Jantar Mantar in Delhi, where the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) is continuing its protest demanding the resignation of Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over the recent paper leaks controversy

1 min read

Up Next