Centre should sell BSNL after dismantling it rather than extending bailout package to keep telco ringing

In the recent past, there have been a spate of news reports regarding a few institutions in the public sector being in trouble.The Bengaluru-based Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) has had to borrow money to pay salaries. The Mumbai-based Tata Institute of Fundamental Research has issued a notice to its faculty and students that they will be paid only half of what is due for February 2019, due to a shortage of funds.[caption id="attachment_4510919" align="alignleft" width="380"] Representational image. Reuters[/caption]Over and above this, the employees of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL), the government owned telecom company, haven’t been paid salaries for February 2019. (As I finished writing the piece, it seems the government has decided to release Rs 850 crore before Holi to pay salaries to the BSNL employees).Along with this, the Business Standard reports that the department of telecom is planning a Rs 13,000-crore bailout of BSNL. The bailout plan includes Rs 6,767 crore of infusion of fresh capital by the government into the company. The remaining money will go towards the voluntary retirement package.Of the three examples here, BSNL is the main problem of the government. Let’s take a look at this point-wise.1) Take a look at the accompanying chart. It plots the profit/losses made by BSNL over the years.[caption id="attachment_6259951" align="alignnone" width="981"] Source: Public Enterprises Surveys of Various Years.[/caption]Since 2009-10, BSNL has made losses of Rs 57,676 crore. This is the highest among all government-owned companies, even higher than that of perpetual trouble-child of the government, Air India.The company’s expected loss in 2018-19 is likely to be more than Rs 7,000 crore. In this scenario, the banks are not willing to give short-term loans to BSNL (and why should they, given that public sector banks themselves are not in a great shape). This has led to the company being unable to pay its salaries for the last month.2) The interesting thing is that once upon a time, BSNL used to make a lot of money. Between 2004-05 and 2008-09, the company made a profit of Rs 30,513 crore. In fact, in 2004-05, the company made a profit of Rs 10,183 crore, and was the second most profitable public sector enterprise, after ONGC. Those were its heydays.3) What happened after that? The company’s main business model of landline phones went for a toss. As mobile phone prices as well as usage prices fell, more and more people moved away from landline phones. Also, public sector companies tend to do well when there is very little competition in the sector that they operate in.Post 2005, the competition in the telecom sector went up, first in the form of more companies, and then in the form of lower prices. BSNL clearly wasn’t ready for all the competition, with employee cost forming a bulk of its operating expenditure, unlike private companies like Airtel and Vodafone, which had outsourced most of their operations to other companies and primarily operated as marketing companies.The entry of Reliance Jio with very low prices for data, hurt further.4) Over the last decade, the performance of the company has gone from bad to worse. And now there is talk about the government spending Rs 13,000 crore to bail out the company. This is basically throwing good money after bad and more government money going down the drain.5) On its own, BSNL is too large an organisation and given that it is too unwieldy as well. The government should look at dividing BSNL into several smaller companies, like the AT&T was divided in the United States and selling them piece by piece.

The trouble here will be that no private company will want to deal with the lazy ways of a public sector workforce. And of course, the trade unions will oppose. Nonetheless, this should be given a shot because enough hard-earned money of the taxpayers has been used to keep the company going. That needs to stop.

Further, BSNL owns a lot of real estate, in the heart of many cities and towns across India. The government should first look to make an inventory of all the land that BSNL owns, and then sell it gradually piece by piece. Other than opening up more space in cities and towns, it will also help the government to earn some money.To conclude, the government needs to focus on the core issues of education, health, agriculture, foreign policy, defence, regulation and cutting down procedures and processes, so that India’s small and medium enterprises can flourish and create jobs in the process.There is no point in the government owning a loss-making telecom company. But then this is something that has been said many a time in the past.(The writer is an economist and author of the Easy Money trilogy)